一、培养合作意识是小组合作学习的前提
A, cultivate cooperation consciousness is the premise of cooperative learning group
只有有了充分的合作意识，小组合作学习才能真正落到实处。
Only have a good cooperation consciousness, group cooperative learning can truly implement.
（一）让学生明确小组合作学习是另一种重要的学习方式。
(a) let students clear cooperative learning group is another important way of learning.
传统的课堂教学，使孩子产生了只有认真听老师讲，才是课堂上的学习方式。这一认识，严重阻碍了学生自主探究，主动参与能力的发展。所以，要彻底改变学生的传统观念，要让学学生明确小组合作学习也是一种重要的学习方式。
The traditional classroom teaching, make the child produces only listen to the teacher speak, is the classroom learning. This knowledge, seriously hindered the students explore independently, actively participates in the development of ability. So, to completely change the traditional concept of students, to make students clear group cooperative learning is a kind of important way of learning.
（二）联系小学生生活实际，培养合作意识。
(2) primary school life practice, train their consciousness of cooperation.
教学中阻碍学生主动交往的原因，主要是数学知识抽象的概活与儿童思维的具体形象之间的矛盾性。解决这一矛盾的根本在于将数学知识与儿童的经验沟通，由此支持并鼓励学生用自己的办法解决问题，在小组合作学习，儿童可以从自己的经验出发，用自己的方式去理解支持，从而进行主动的交往活动。
Obstacles in teaching students active exchanges of reason, main is mathematics abstract shall live with the contradiction between the children thinking of the specific image. Solve this contradiction is the mathematics knowledge to communicate with children's experience, the support and encourage students to use their own way to solve the problem, in the cooperative learning group, children can from his own experience in their own way to understand the support, and thus for the active communication activities.
1、创设生活情境，培养合作意识。数学教学应当注重数学文化氛围的营造，注重与学生的生活实践和已有的经验相结合。为此，师生共同合作，创设一种富有探究性的问题情境。让问题生活化，使学生感受到数学的“普遍性”和“趣味性”。在参与中体验合作，例如在教学一年级“元、角、分”的时候，由于学生对人民币都有一定的接触，所以，在课前设计“钱有什么用？”的专题课前调查，可以与同学、与家长共同合作。创设了一种课前的合作生活情境，让学生感受学习的乐趣，上课时，让学生介绍自己的合作调查情况，教师再提供不同的钱币及信息，让学生在生活化的氛围中探究。这样的课堂上，师生的合作中，学生以一个研究者的身份出现，大大激发了学生的积极性，更给学生获得了一次极好的合作学习的体验机会。
1, life situation, train their consciousness of cooperation. Mathematics teaching should pay attention to the mathematics culture construction, pay attention to the life with the students practice and combining the existing experience. Therefore, the teachers and students work together, creating a rich exploratory problem situation. The problem into daily life, so that the students feel the mathematical "universality" and "fun". Experience in participating in the cooperation, for example in the teaching first grade "yuan, horn, points", because the student have some contact of the renminbi, therefore, before class design "money?" The project survey before class, can cooperate with my students, and parents. Created a class of the living situation of cooperation, let students experience the fun of learning, in the class, let the students introduce themselves by investigate the situation of cooperation, teachers provide different COINS and information again, let the students to explore in the atmosphere of life. This class, the teachers and students, students have emerged with a researcher, greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of students, more for the student to obtain an excellent cooperative learning experience.
2、从实际出发灵活使用教材，为合作提供条件。陶行知先生说：人人是创造之人，处处是创造之地，天天是创造之时，我们的教学实际是师生共同对教材的再创造的过程。所以，教师应灵活使用教材，从学生实际出发，敢于对教村做合理的调整，为使小组的合作更具有效性而提供必要的条件。例如，二年级《时、分、秒》把“时、分的认识”、秒的认识“分成两课时。学生日常生活中对新知识已有有了解，通过合作完全两课时。学生日常中对新知识已有了解，通过合作完全可以解决两小节内容。因此，数学中，我设计”从钟面上你发现了什么？“的实践调查活动，合二为一，全面感知时、分、秒。让学生充分合作，让思维得到更多的释放，同时也便于在小组合作交流的过程中发展问题。
2, starting from the actual flexible use of teaching materials, provide the conditions for cooperation. Mr Tao xingzhi said: everyone is the creative people, everywhere is to create the land, every day is to create, our practical teaching is the teachers and students to the creative process of teaching. So, teachers should use flexible teaching materials, students from set out actually, dare to teach village to do a reasonable adjustment, to make the team cooperation more effectiveness and provide the necessary conditions. Second grade, for example, the hours, minutes, seconds, the understanding of the "when", the understanding of the second "is divided into two classes. Students are familiar to new knowledge in daily life has been completely two classes through cooperation. In students' daily to understand new knowledge has been, through cooperation can solve two section completely content. Therefore, in mathematics, I design" on the clock face you find out? "The practice of investigation activities, two beings become one and comprehensive perception, minutes and seconds. Let the students fully cooperation, the release of the mind to get more, also facilitate development problems in the process of team cooperation and communication.
3、课后练习面向生活，让合作走向课外。课后练习应具开放性，面向生活，在学生独立完成的基础上，鼓励与学生伙伴、家长的合作练习，让合作走向课外。如，在五年级刚学完“图形单元”时，设计作业：“图形的使用对家具有什么作用？”以小组为单位，可以邀请家长，老师参加，让合作走向生活，走向课外。
3, after-school practice faces the life, make cooperation to the outside. After-school exercises should open, face the life, on the basis of the student independently, encouragement and cooperation partners, parents, students practice, make cooperation to the outside. Such as, in the fifth grade just learned "graphical element", design work: "the use of graphics to have what effect?" In small groups as the unit, can invite parents, teachers, let cooperation towards life, towards the outside.
二、训练合作技能是小组合作学习的有利保证
Second, training cooperation skills are favorable for cooperative learning group guarantee
光有合作意识，而掌握不到一定合作技巧只会让合作学习成为“纸上谈兵“，所以意识培养和技能的训练是相辅相成的。
Light has cooperation consciousness, and less than a certain cooperation skills will only make cooperative learning "theory", so the awareness and skills training is complementary to each other.
1、让学生学会倾听。在小组合作学习过程中，能认真听其他同学发言是至关重要，所以，上课时不仅要专心听老师讲话，而且还要认真听每个同学的发言，听后作出评价，有自己的见解。
1, let the students learn to listen. In the process of cooperative learning group, can listen to other students to speak is crucial, therefore, should not only pay attention to the teacher in class, but also to listen to every classmate speech and listen to comment, have their own opinions.
在训练过程中安排小学组内搞“传说游戏”，提高了学生合作意识，更训练了学生的倾听能力，另外，让学生重复前一名同学的发言等等，都可以达到训练的目的。
Arrangement in the process of training primary sections within the game "legend", improve the students' consciousness of cooperation, more training the students' listening ability, in addition, let students repeat before a classmate speech and so on, can achieve the goal of training.
2、鼓励孩子大声说话。语言是人与人之间交流的工具，会说、敢说是合作学习的重要技能，然而，受个体性格差异的影响，小学生往往不习惯大方的表达自己的观点，所以，训练大声说话很必要。
2, encourage the children to speak loudly. Language is a tool for communication between people, will be said, dare to say that the importance of cooperative learning skills, however, the influence of the individual character difference, primary school students are often not used and easy to express their views, so, speak loudly training is very necessary.
（1）尽量多给学生一些语言模式。如“先算……再……”，“想要求……就必须要知道……所以要先算……再有……”、“我是这样想的……”孩子在掌握了适合自己的语言模式后，就能较好地表达自己的观点。
(1) as much as possible to give students some language patterns. Such as "first... then..." , "want to request, you must know... so let's first calculate... again..." , "this is what I want..." Children in control after the suitable language patterns, to better express their views.
（2）在小组中让学生轮流发言，人人都有说的机会。
(2) to let the students take turns to speak in the team, everyone has the opportunity to say.
3、学会保留自己观点，接纳他人的意见。交往合作中常常会出现意见不一致的时候，不能使每一次合作学习成为解决矛盾的“战场”。所以小组合作学习时，应注意以下几点。
3, learn to keep your point of view, to accept the opinions of others. Exchanges and cooperation often appear don't agree, does not make every cooperative learning to solve the contradiction of "the battlefield". So the cooperative learning group, the following points should be paid attention to.
（1）讲文明，在别人说话时要注视时对方。
(1) and look at each other when others speak.
（2）对同学的发言不光要听还要想，如不同意一定要说出理由。金华启明家教www.jhqmjj.com 金华学研家教www.zsdxyjj.com
(2) the classmate speech not only want to listen to also want to, if not agreed to must say what reason.
（3）如果不同意同学的看法，可以坚持自己的意见，在全班讨论时提出来，这样，小组合作学习时才会出现争论但不争吵的轻松氛围。
(3) if you don't agree with my classmates, can insist on your opinion, in the class discussion, in this way, cooperative learning group will only appear when the relaxed atmosphere of argument but not quarrel.
学生的合作学习，需要心理上的安全，需要合适的环境，学生间是平等的，教师躬下身子参与，在学生看来也是与他们平等的，在这样民主的环境中，学生畅谈自己的想法，思维才能始终处于积极的状态。
Cooperative learning of students, need psychological security, needs the right environment, is equality between students, teachers under the bow body to participate in, the student is equal with them, in such a democratic environment, students talk about their own ideas and thinking ability is in a state of positive all the time.
编辑者：金华启航家教网（www.0579jj.net)