课堂实录
Class '
张老师：本节课为课题汇报课，由李青作为学生代表之一来与同学们共同完成本节课的学习内容，希望大家多多配合李青同学，下面就请出李青同学。（李青走上讲台，同学们鼓掌）
Report teacher zhang: this lesson is a subject class, by li qing, as one of the student representative together with the students finish the study content of this lesson, hope everybody many students cooperate with li qing, li qing classmate here please. (li qing took to the podium, the classmates applause.)
李青：（复习提问）按照以往上课的惯例，请同学们来复习上节课学习的内容，（师：话音未落，有八名同学同时起立）李青只好指定最先开始抢答的同学来回答该问题。
Li qing: review questions) according to previous class practice, please to review the last lesson of learning contents, (t: voice did not fall, eight students at the same time to stand up) li qing had to specify first vies to answer first the students to answer the question.
生1：回答问题的同学通过用知识结构和概念构成的方式完整的复述出上节课的学习的主要内容，（师：同学们为她熟练而又流利的回答鼓掌）
1: answer the questions of students by using the knowledge structure and concept of the full repeat the last class of the main content of study, (t: students proficient and fluent answer for her applause.)
李青：点评：这位同学对上节课的内容掌握的很好！其实上节课的内容主要由三个小框题组成，每个小框题下包含四个知识点，共十二个知识点，如果同学们把这十二个知识点都掌握了，那么这节课的内容就没有什么问题了。由于时间关系，今天的提问就到此为止，下面请同学们和我一起看黑板。
Li qing: review: the student to master the content of the last class is very good! Actually on the content of the lecture is mainly composed of three small box problem, each topic under the small box contains four points, a total of 12 points, if the twelve students have mastered the knowledge points, then the content of this lesson is no problem. In the interest of time, so far, today's question below please and I together look at the blackboard.
李青：（导入新课）（指板书）这是我自己总结的八句话，虽不都押韵，但总体上概括了我为近现代（到七十年代）外交的基本特点，请哪位同学帮我分析一下，用黑板上的一个词来概括一下各个时期的外交特点。
Li qing: (import) new (blackboard writing) this is my own summary of the eight words, although not all rhyme, but on the whole, summarizes the I to the basic characteristics of modem (in the seventy s) foreign, which students please help me to analyse, use the word on the blackboard to summarize the foreign characteristics of various periods.
板书内容：
Blackboard writing content:
清朝外交多屈辱
The qing dynasty more than foreign humiliation
领土主权被践踏
Territorial sovereignty be trampled
盖愤天下畏强权
The world feared powers on the cover
地位低下无人怜
No one flow low status
建国初期方针定
In the early days after foundation guidelines
开创外交新篇章
Create a diplomatic new chapter
国强谁敢小视咱
The strong who dare inspects a za
睦邻友好大发展
Good-neighborly and friendly development
生2：前四句是在概括近代外交特点，如果用一个词的话，我选择“屈辱”。
Generalization is born 2: in the first four sentences in modern foreign characteristic, if use a word, I chose "humiliation".
李青：这位同学概括的很准确，谢谢！请坐！
Li qing: the student is very accurate, thank you! Please sit down!
生3：第五、六句是新中国初期的外交特点，我想用“新篇章”来概括。
Born 3: fifth, six other diplomatic characteristics of early China is summed up in a "new chapter", I think.
李青：很好！谢谢！请坐！
Li qing: very good! Thank you very much! Please sit down!
生4：第七、八句是在介绍七十年代时期的外交特点为“大发展”
Born 4:7, 8 is in the diplomatic properties of seventy s as the "big development"
李青：同学们分析的都很准确，我也把这一时期的外交分成三个阶段，正如同学们分析的一样。前面两个时期的内容我们都已经学过了，今天就让我们一起带着“大发展”这一特点来回溯历史，来感受七十年代的外交关系，即学习第二节课外交事业的发展（板书）
Li qing: the analysis of the students are very accurate, I also put this period of diplomacy is divided into three stages, as well as the analysis of the students. In front of the content of the two periods we have learned, today let us together with the feature of "big development" come back in the history, to feel the diplomatic relations in the seventy s, namely the development of learning a second class foreign (blackboard writing)
李青：（新课教学）请同学们打开教材167页，快速阅读本节课有几个小框题构成，小框题与本课课题又是什么关系？
Li qing: new lesson teaching) please open the teaching material of 167 pages, there are a few box fast reading this lesson topic composition, small box problem with this lesson topic is what relation?
生5：本课由三个小框题构成，三个小框题分别是课题的三个表现。
Born 5: this course consists of three small box problem, three small box three performance are subject.
李青：这位同学分析的很准确。谢谢！请坐！下面我们就一同来解决第一个小问题。
Li qing: the classmate of analysis is very accurate. Thank you very much! Please sit down! Let's together to solve the first small problems.
李青：（板书）外交关系的重大发展。请同学们阅读这部分内容，分析这部分共交代了几个问题？
Li qing: (blackboard writing) significant development of diplomatic relations. Please read this part of the students, this part analysis were asked several questions?
生6：我认为介绍两个问题：一是70年代前美国敌视中国，中美关系处于疆化状态；二是70年代初随着中国国力的提高，美国意欲缓和中美关系。
Born 6: I think introduce two questions: one is hostile to China prior to the 70 s, china-us relations in the xinjiang state; The second is in the early 70 s with the improvement of China's national strength, intended to ease of china-us relations in the United States.
李青：好，这是你的观点。还有没有不同的看法？
Li qing: ok, this is your point of view. Are there any different opinion?
生7：我认为第一段介绍了70年代前的中美关系；第二段介绍了70年代后的中美关系。
Born 7: I think the first section introduces the china-us relations before the 70 s; The second section introduces the sino-us relations after 70 s.
李青：这又是一种观点。
Li qing: this is a point of view.
生8：我认为这部分内容讲的是中美关系发展的历程。
Born 8: I think this part is about the development of china-us relations.
李青：简练。好下面请同学们看教材第一段第一句话讲的是什么？刚刚同学们都强调的是美国对中国的态度，而教材引用的材料用的第一句话是中国对美国的态度。我觉得本部分介绍了三个问题。第一句话一是中国对美国的态度；第二、三句话是美国对中国的态度；有那位同学来谈一下，而且有两点表现谁来说一下。
Li qing: concise. Good students, please see below materials for the first period of the first sentence is about what? Just classmates all that America's attitude toward China, and teaching reference materials in the first sentence is China's attitude toward the United States. I think this part introduces the three questions. The first sentence is the attitude of China to the United States. The second and third sentence is the attitude to China; Have the students to talk about, and there are two who can look to.
生9：第一点：利用台湾搞两个中国的阴谋；第二点：发动了对越南战争。
Born 9: the first point: use Taiwan two Chinese conspiracy; The second point: launched the war in Vietnam.
李青：同学们在书上标注一下，美国敌视中国的表现。下一句话是美国敌视中国导致的结果。我们要介绍的第一个问题是中美关系缓和的原因。请同学们阅读教材。请同学们带着这样的几个问题一是中美要求改善中美关系的原因；二是从美国方面美国要求改善中美关系的原因；三是中国方面要求改善中美关系的原因。
Li qing: students in a book mark, the United States hostile to China's performance. The sentence is the result of hostile to China. We are going to introduce one of the first questions is ease of china-us relations. Please read the students teaching materials. Please take this a few questions first, the cause of the requirements of China and the United States to improve sino-us relations; In the United States from the United States to improve sino-us relations; 3 it is the Chinese side to improve sino-us relations.
生10：第一个问题从教材中的内容可以看出是当时各自的利益要求—70年代中美两国的共同要求。
Born 10: the first question can be seen from the contents of the textbooks is their respective interests requirement at that time - a common requirement for China and the United States in the 70 s.
生11：第二个问题我认为美方要求改善中美关系的原因是中国国际地位的提高；美国孤立中国政策的失败；美苏争霸中增加对付苏联的资本。
Born 11: the second question I think that the United States to improve sino-us relations is the cause of the improvement of China's international status; The failure of the U.S. policy to isolate China; In the United States and the Soviet union to increase capital against the Soviet union.
李青：大家同意这一观点不？回答的非常准确。请同学们记录一下。
Li qing: you agree with this view? The answer is very accurate. Please record it.
李青：回答第三个问题中方原因。
Li qing: answer the third question is China.
生12：改善中美关系有来自苏联的压力。
Having 12: improve china-us relations have pressure from the Soviet union.
生13：对付来自苏联的威胁；对解决台湾问题，实现祖国统一大业有利。
Born 13: deal with the threat from the Soviet union; To solve the problem of Taiwan, achieving national reunification.
生14：我来总结一下，我认为有两个方面一是由于苏联陈兵中国东北，改善中美关系对解决这一问题有利；二是要想早日实现祖国统一大业也要改善中美关系。
14: I born to sum up, I think there are two aspects, one is due to the Soviet union Chen bing, northeast China improve china-us relations is good for solving this problem; The second is to achieving national reunification at an early date to improve sino-us relations.
生15：我认为还应该有一点就是提高中国的国际地位。
Born 15: I think there should be a little is to improve China's international standing.
李青：后面两名同学总结的很全面了，非常好！谢谢同学们！
Li qing: the two students to summarize the very comprehensive, very good! Thank the classmates!
李青：最后一句话是中国的乒乓外交，同学们了解一下就可以了。
Li qing: the last sentence is the ping-pong diplomacy of China, students learn about it.
李青：材料解读：这段话体现了什么？
Li qing: material reading: this passage is what?
生16：美国急于与中国建立外交关系。
Born 16: the United States is eager to establish diplomatic ties with China.
李青：同学回答的正确，请同学们记一下。下面这段文字是中美关系正常化的过程。共两件事，请同学们阅读教材并加以解决。
Li qing: students the correct answer, please write down. The following passage is the process of normalization of sino-american relations. A total of two things, please read teaching materials and the students to solve.
生17：基辛阁秘密访华和尼克松正式访华。
Born 17: XinGe secret visit to China and Nixon's official visit to China.
李青：回答的正确，把时间在教材上画出来。中美联合公报签订的意义？
Li qing: the correct answer, draw time on teaching material. The meaning of the sino-us joint communique signed?
生18：第一点意义：结束了中美两国二十多年的对抗，两国关系开始走向正常化。
Born 18: the first meaning: over China and the United States more than 20 years, the relations between the two countries began to normalization.
李青：回答的很好。
Li qing: answer very well.
生18：我还有一个问题，为什么尼克松总统助理基辛阁当时的访华是秘密的？
Born 18: I have a question, why the assistant to the President Nixon base XinGe secret visit to China at that time?
李青：因为当时中美处于敌对状态，秘密是针对美国的反华和排华势力，其实当时有两个渠道，一个是巴基斯坦，一个是巴黎渠道，并进行了详细的解读，不知道我的解释同学们满意吗？
Li qing: because at that time, in a state of hostility between China and America, the secret is for American anti-china and exclusion, actually at that time, there are two channels, one is the Pakistan, Paris is the a channel, and makes a detailed interpretation, don't know I explain the students satisfaction?
李青：我们继续，第二点意义：有利于亚太地区的和平与稳定；第三点意义：有利于祖国统一大业的实现，这也就回扣了中方原因的第三点。记完后同学们看教材两国关系开始走向正常化，大家这是为什么？
Li qing: we continue to the second point: conducive to peace and stability in the Asia Pacific region; The third point: is beneficial to the realization of the reunification of motherland, this has been the cause of China's third kickback. Remember after the classmates see teaching normalization of relations between the two countries began to, you is this why?
生19：是因为我们没有看到中美两国正式建立外交关系。回答的很好！
Born 19: because we don't see between the two countries established formal diplomatic relations. Answer is very good!
李青：正常化而不是中美建交，因为中美建交是1979年1月，在联合公报中虽然认识到台湾是中国的一部分，中国是唯一的合法政府，但没有在签字中体现出来，上堂课我们讲过了，要与中国建立外交关系必须承认中国是唯一合法政府，台湾是中国领土的一部分。我这样说大家清楚吗？还有没有疑问，下面看第二段：这部分讲的是中国恢复联合国合法席位，大家看一下时间和内容。
Li qing: rather than on the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and America is in January 1979, while in the joint communique recognize that Taiwan is a part of China, is the only legal government in China, but not reflected in the signature, the last time we talked, to establish diplomatic relations with China must be admitted that China is the only legal government, Taiwan is a part of Chinese territory. I say this all clear? There is no doubt, see below the second paragraph: this part is about China UN lawful seat, you look at the time and content.
生20：回答了时间和会议名称，
Living: 20 answer time and the meeting name,
李青：同学们在书上画一下，下面记一下意义：进一步提高了中国的国际地位；有利于我国同更多国家建立外交关系；有利于我国统一大业的进行，大增强了第三世界国家的力量；有利于打破超级大国联合国及操纵国际事务的局面。请看一下问题：中日关系简单
Li qing: students in a book, write down below meaning: to further improve China's international status; Be helpful for our country with more countries to establish diplomatic relations; Is conducive to China's reunification, enhanced the power of the third world countries; To break the superpower of the United Nations and manipulate the situation of international affairs. Take a look at question: simple relations between China and Japan
最后一段是关于毛泽东对三个世界的划分，这部分内容简单。有书上画出来就可以了。
The last paragraph is about MAO zedong on the division of three of the world, this part is simple. It is ok to have drawn the book.
李青：小结：我们这节课重点就是前三个问题，课后有什么不清楚的可以和张老师一起研究，谢谢同学们！
Li qing: summary: in this class we focus on is the first three questions, what is not clear after class can study with teacher zhang, thank the classmates!
校长对李青课的点评：
The principal of Li Qingke review:
１．由学生代替老师讲课。
1. Replace the teacher by the students.
2．复习上节课的内容效果比较好。
2. Review the last lesson content effect is better.
3．导言设计的新颖，是由学生自己总结归纳出八句话来概括整个近代外交的特点。
3. The introduction of the design is novel, is summarized by the students out of the eight words summed up the characteristics of the modern diplomatic.
4．小老师课堂调动学生的能力比较强，问题设计的有层次，并逐一解决；同学们配合的比较好，充分体现了主动学习意识，学生参与度较广，课上投入状态极佳，也展现了学生的基本素养，从问题解答上展示了学生的阅读、理解、归纳、总结及概括等能力。
4. Little teacher classroom to mobilize the students' ability is stronger, the question design have layers, and one by one to solve; The students cooperate better, fully embodies the consciousness of active learning, student participation is broader, excellent class in the state, also showed the basic literacy of students, from the problem solving shows the students' reading, understanding, induction, summary and generalization ability.
5．学生现身献教，整个过程对知识的点拔、思路的引领、问题的总结及对学生的评价都很到位。
5. Students in teaching, the whole process of knowledge points, leading ideas, pull problem summary and evaluation are in place for students.
任课教师对李青课的点评：通过一个学年的尝试，今天的李青同学讲课是我们班中的一个代表，今天无论是李青同学还是课下的其他同学们，你们都给老师留下了深刻的印象。我从你们身上也学到不少好的品质，感受到你们的青春活力，我真正体会到教学相长。李青同学的课堂教学任务完成的很出色，说明她无论从课前的备课到课上的讲课的用心程度，还有课下同学们的配合也让本节课更加有特点，一节课我们共有三十几名同学近五十次的主动起立，让整节课都处在师生互动的良好氛围中。
Classroom teachers to Li Qingke review: through a school year starts, today's li qing lectures is a representative of our class classmate, li qing classmate or class today under the other students, you are all left a deep impression to the teacher. I also learned a lot from you good quality, feel your youthful vitality, I truly realize the teaching is learning. Li qing classmate of class teaching task very well, she no matter from the lessons before class to class lecture attentively, and class. The students also make this lesson more features, a lesson we nearly fifty times a total of 30 students initiative to stand up, let the whole class is in a good atmosphere of interaction between teachers and students.
本班学生对李青课的点评：李青讲课生动，能够吸引我们去认真听课，并且知识点与课外知识联系密切，能够拓展我们的思维，去一起理解与解读教材上的相关内容；很会调动学生的积极性，讲课思路清晰，大家容易接受，这一点也许是受老师的影响吧！并且板书十分漂亮，有相当好的口才，课讲的非常好，很精彩！金华启明家教www.jhqmjj.com
Students of class of Li Qingke review: li qing lectures vivid, able to attract us to listen to the teacher carefully, and closely related knowledge and extra-curricular knowledge, to expand our thinking, to understand and interpret the teaching material together on the related content; Very will arouse the enthusiasm of students, lectures clarity, easy to accept, it may be affected by the teacher! And blackboard writing is very beautiful, there are quite a good eloquence, lesson is very good, very fascinating!
编辑者：金华启航家教网（www.0579jj.net)