所谓“经济地理特征”，就是指一个国家或地区的经济状况、主要物产，工业、农业、交通运输业的特点及自然资源的开发利用状况等等。
The so-called "economic geography", is refers to a country or a region's economic status, main properties, the characteristics of the industry, agriculture, transportation and the status of the development and utilization of natural resources and so on.
那么，如何去归纳一个国家或地区的经济特征呢？
So, how to generalize a country or a region's economic characteristics?
通常，我们可以从以下几个主要方面进行回答：
Usually, we can have a answer from the following several main aspects:
一、经济体系的性质如我国是社会主义经济；日本、西德、美国等是经济发达的资本主义经济；非洲的一些国家，如埃及、坦桑尼亚等国则是发展中的民族经济。
A, the nature of the economic system as our country is the socialist economy; Japan, west Germany, the United States and other capitalist economy is the economy developed; Some countries of Africa, such as Egypt, Tanzania and other countries is in the development of national economy.
二、工业地理这里主要包括工业生产水平、内部结构、主要工业部门，供、产、销的关系，工业布局、发展趋势等等。例如日本，工业现代化水平高，技术力量强，生产设备好。但国内矿产资源极度贫乏，对外依赖性很大，是世界最大的原料进口国。钢铁、机械、电子、化学、纺织为其主要工业部门。工业集中在太平洋沿岸和濑户内海沿岸狭小地区。东京、大阪、名古屋、九州北部为四大工业区。
Second, the industrial geography here mainly includes industrial production level, the internal structure, the main industrial sector, the relationship between the supply, production, sales, industrial layout, development trend and so on. Such as Japan, the industrial modernization level is high, strong technical force, production equipment. But the extreme lack of domestic mineral resources, external dependence is very big, is the world's biggest importer of raw materials. Iron and steel, machinery, electronics, chemical, textile as its main industrial sector. Industry focused on the Pacific coast and narrow the seto inland sea coast areas. Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, kyushu for four northern industrial zone.
又如西德。工业在国民经济中占绝对优势。工业的部门结构以重工业为主体，重工业产值约占工业总产值的70%。工业部门也比较齐全，钢铁，机械、汽车、电器、化学、精密仪器和光学仪器工业在世界上都占有重要地位。但工业原料除煤炭和钾盐外，皆不能自给，对外有一定的依赖性。莱茵河右岸的鲁尔区，是西德以煤炭、冶金为主的最重要工业区；位于西部边境的萨尔区，利用当地的煤和进口的铁，发展了钢铁、机械制造等工业。
And as west Germany. Dominant industry in national economy. Industrial sector in heavy industry as the main body structure, heavy industry output value accounts for about 70% of the gross value of industrial output. Relatively complete industrial sector also, steel, machinery, automobiles, electrical appliances, chemicals, precision instruments and optical instruments industry occupies an important position in the world. But in addition to coal and potassium, industrial raw materials are insufficient, foreign have certain dependence. The Rhine ruhr, which is the most important west Germany is given priority to with coal, metallurgical industrial zone; Sal area is located in the western border, using local coal and import of iron, the development of the iron and steel, machinery manufacturing industries.
三、农业地理有广义、狭义之分。广义的农业地理，是指耕作业、林业、牧业和水产业；狭义的农业则单指耕作业。农业地理的内容包括农业生产水平、经营方式（耕作业、畜牧业、渔业中以哪一种为主。是集约农业还是粗放农业）、耕作制度（一年几熟）、地区分布上有何差异，主要农作物有哪些，等等。例如，我国东部季风区的农业特征：本区是我国最重要的农业区。全国的人口和耕地，全国的商品粮基地，主要棉区以及各种纤维、油料、糖料、饮料等作物，淡水渔业、家畜、家禽等重要生产基地，大部分都分布在本区。
Three, agricultural geography has broad sense and narrow sense. The generalized agricultural geography, is refers to the farming, forestry, animal husbandry and aquaculture; Special agricultural single refers to tillage operation. Agricultural geography including agricultural production level, the content of the mode of operation (tillage operation, give priority to with what kind of animal husbandry and fishery. Intensive farming or extensive agriculture), farming system (a) what year practice, what is the difference in regional distribution, what are the main crops, and so on. For example, the agricultural characteristics of the eastern monsoon region of China: the area is the most important agricultural regions in China. The national population and cultivated land, the national commodity grain base, mainly cotton and all kinds of fiber, oil, sugar, beverage and other crops, freshwater fisheries, livestock, poultry and other important production base, mostly distributed in the area.
又如西德的农业生产，实现了机械化和电气化。畜牧业在农业中占重要地位。北部平原发展了乳肉畜牧业，并种植麦类、马铃薯、甜菜等。中部高原山地发展了乳牛业。南部的河谷种植葡萄和其他水果。
, such as that of the west agricultural production, realized the mechanization and electrification. Animal husbandry played important roles in agriculture. The northern plains RuRou developed animal husbandry and planting of wheat and barley, potatoes, sugar beet, etc. The central highlands of mountain development of the dairy industry. In the south of the river valley planting grapes and other fruits.
四、交通运输及其他这里主要指公路、铁路线，内河航运与海上航线，主要交通枢纽和港口，海陆交通联运，货物流向等方面，有些还可考虑它的名胜古迹及历史纪念地。
Four, transportation and other here mainly refers to the highway, railway, river shipping and maritime routes, main transportation hub and port, sea and land traffic transport, cargo flow, etc., some may consider its scenic spots and historical sites and historical monuments.
例如法国的巴黎，位于巴黎盆地中部，跨塞纳河两岸，河上有大桥沟通。水上运输方便。市内有多条铁路和运河通往全国各地。那里集中了全国主要工业部门，工业产值约占全国四分之一。巴黎又是一个具有光荣革命传统的城市，一八七一年建立过世界第一个无产阶级政权——巴黎公社；市中心区还有举世闻名的埃菲尔铁塔。
Paris, France, for example, is located in the middle of Paris basin, cross on both sides of the Seine, river bridge of communication. Water transportation is convenient. The city has several railways and canals to all parts of the country. Concentrated there for major industrial sector in China, industrial output value accounted for about a quarter of the country. Paris is a city with a glorious revolutionary tradition, established in 1871 the world first regime of the proletariat, the Paris commune; Downtown area and the world-famous Eiffel Tower.
五、自然资源的开发利用包括土地资源、气候资源、水资源、森林资源、矿物资源、生物资源和海洋资源的开发利用状况、是否合理等等。
Fifth, the development and utilization of natural resources, including land resources, climate resources, water resources, forest resources, mineral resources, biological resources and Marine resources development and utilization status, whether reasonable, etc.
例如苏联。森林、矿物和土地资源都很丰富。西伯利亚的大部分和东欧平原的北部，广布着针叶林。它的煤、铁、石油、天然气、锰、铜、铅、锌的探明储量，均居世界前列。东欧及西西伯利亚地区平原辽阔，有利开发。境内大河不少，为水运、水利、水力、航运、灌溉提供了有利条件。
For example, the Soviet union. Forests, minerals and land resources are very rich. Most of Siberia and northern plains of eastern Europe, all the coniferous forest. It's coal, iron, oil, natural gas, manganese, copper, lead, zinc of proven reserves, are ranked among the top of the world. The vast plains of eastern and western regions, favorable development. In the river, for water transportation, water conservancy, hydropower, shipping, irrigation provides favorable conditions.
编辑者：金华启航家教网（www.0579jj.net)